Which of the following human factors is among the top contributors to roadway deaths?

Distracted driving is one of the primary human factors contributing to roadway deaths due to its significant impact on a driver's ability to maintain attention and respond appropriately to immediate hazards. This form of distraction can stem from various sources, including texting, talking on a cellphone, adjusting the radio, or engaging with passengers. When a driver diverts their focus from the road, even for a moment, the risk of accidents dramatically increases as they may fail to notice traffic signals, pedestrians, or other vehicles.

In contrast, while excessive fatigue, environmental conditions, and vehicle malfunction also play roles in traffic incidents, they do not account for as high a percentage of accidents as distracted driving does. Fatigue impairs reaction times but is less prevalent compared to the widespread use of mobile devices and other distractions. Environmental conditions, while contributing to some incidents, are generally factors that can be anticipated and managed safely. Vehicle malfunctions, while serious, typically result from mechanical failure rather than the immediate decision-making influenced by driver behavior. By understanding the critical impact of distraction, drivers can take steps to reduce their risk on the road, such as enforcing a no-phone policy while driving or ensuring they remain attentive at all times.